All benchmarks

GPQA Diamond

GPQA Diamond is a graduate-level multiple-choice benchmark in biology, physics, and chemistry. Each question is written by a subject-matter expert and designed so that even domain specialists need careful reasoning to identify the correct answer. We run the same fixed question set across provider endpoints to compare model capability, routing, and the practical cost of solving difficult scientific problems.

Last benchmark run

Which model leads the GPQA Diamond benchmark?

Google: Gemini 4 Argon leads GPQA Diamond at 96.5% as of Nov 14, 2026, 6:01 AM UTC. The same fixed GPQA Diamond question set and scoring are held fixed across production provider endpoints. The headline row uses default routing where available; otherwise, it uses a representative provider result.

Model comparison

Most Accurate

Best Value

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OpenAI: GPT-6.1 Sol

$0.021/question

Accuracy
Representative-run accuracy, best first.
Cost per question
Average cost per question, cheapest first.
Time per question
Average wall-clock time per question, fastest first.

Cost efficiency

Accuracy vs. cost (Pareto frontier)
One point per model, using default routing (not pinned to a provider) when available. The line is the Pareto frontier: no model beats these on both accuracy and cost.

Leaderboard

Top-level rows use default routing where available; click a row to expand provider-pinned results.

GPQA Diamond leaderboard: model accuracy, cost, time, and output tokens per question by provider
#ModelStd dev
196.5%--$0.0951.7m8.44k
295.6%--$0.0682.2m18k
395.5%--$0.3375s4.53k
494.9%--$0.08426s1.87k
594.5%±0.1pp$0.202.2m16.7k
694.4%--$0.1157s2.11k
794.4%--$0.02152s1.98k
894.1%--$0.151.6m11.6k
993.9%±0.3pp$0.312.5m10.3k
1093.9%±0.4pp$0.02959s7.68k
1192.9%--$0.08886s8.6k
1292.8%±0.4pp$0.126.0m20.3k
1392.8%±0.6pp$0.02520s2.28k
1492.8%±0.5pp$0.04462s11.7k
1592.4%±0.0pp$0.03963s3.71k
1692.3%±0.1pp$0.1490s15.8k
1792.0%±1.0pp$0.134.0m10.7k
1891.9%--$0.02532s2.37k
19
Amazon Bedrock
91.9%--$0.2213.4m36.1k
2091.1%--$0.01128s2.13k
2191.1%--$0.0311.6m30.6k
2290.9%--$0.225.0m29.4k
2390.5%±1.6pp$0.119.0m37.5k
2490.2%±0.0pp$0.142.5m9.46k
2590.2%±0.5pp$0.05430s2.5k
2690.2%±1.9pp$0.0355.2m30.5k
2790.2%±0.4pp$0.0742.3m17.1k
2890.1%±0.7pp$0.0112.0m19.4k
2989.9%±0.7pp$0.1331s2.4k
3089.8%±0.6pp$0.1213.8m47.5k
3189.7%±1.1pp$0.201.6m7.86k
3289.6%±0.3pp$0.0382.4m27k
3389.5%±1.0pp$0.231.8m9.01k
3489.1%±0.8pp$0.0234.1m30.7k
3588.8%±0.4pp$0.03312.5m38k
3688.6%±0.3pp$0.221.8m8.64k
3788.6%--$0.02111.2m45.5k
3888.5%±0.1pp$0.134.2m43.9k
3988.4%±0.0pp$0.04155s3.32k
4088.4%--$0.00873s13.1k
4188.4%±0.0pp$0.01571s13.6k
4288.0%±1.1pp$0.0233.9m25.3k
4387.9%±1.9pp$0.1362s4.87k
4487.9%--$0.0449.8m34.2k
4587.8%±3.7pp$0.1845s3.49k
4687.6%±0.9pp$0.0142.9m26k
4787.6%±0.6pp$0.00983s7.69k
4887.4%±1.4pp$0.0913.3m14.8k
4987.4%--$0.00350s5.75k
5087.3%±1.8pp$0.04711.2m36k
5186.8%±1.0pp$0.0228.7m46.3k
5286.7%±0.5pp$0.00439s7.89k
5386.7%±4.2pp$0.1615.9m56.1k
5486.7%±0.0pp$0.224.4m22.2k
5586.7%±2.7pp$0.0086.9m26.9k
5686.6%±1.8pp$0.107.6m26.9k
5786.6%±1.4pp$0.758.4m30k
5886.6%±0.8pp$0.0253.9m20.8k
5986.5%±1.0pp$0.846.8m33.5k
6086.0%±2.8pp$0.0826.1m23.7k
6185.9%±0.8pp$0.0069.3m32.3k
6285.9%--$0.0202.0m15.4k
6385.7%±0.3pp$0.214.4m20.9k
6485.5%±2.1pp$0.04410.0m37.9k
6585.4%±1.3pp$0.107.6m31.8k
6685.3%±4.9pp$0.172.8m16.8k
6785.2%±1.4pp$0.147.3m49.9k
6884.9%±1.0pp$0.0554.2m23.1k
6984.8%--$0.00188s17.5k
7084.5%±4.9pp$0.09620.9m37.9k
7184.4%±0.9pp$0.03653s14.5k
7284.1%±2.4pp$0.0148.8m40.1k
7383.8%±3.0pp$0.09012.9m31.8k
7483.8%±0.6pp$0.06275s13.6k
7583.4%±1.1pp$0.0954.9m23.4k
7683.2%--$0.0648.2m51.2k
7782.7%±1.9pp$0.09318.5m45.2k
7882.6%±1.6pp$0.263.9m26k
7982.3%±1.4pp$0.0087.3m18.6k
8082.2%±6.7pp$0.03012.5m30.5k
8182.1%±2.4pp$0.04183s27k
8281.9%±1.4pp$0.0343.5m13.9k
8381.7%±2.0pp$0.0099.6m19.5k
8481.6%±1.3pp$0.0274.6m25.4k
8581.6%±1.1pp$0.314.8m20.7k
8681.3%--$0.0085.9m33.9k
8781.0%±1.8pp$0.2418.0m63.9k
8881.0%±2.2pp$0.0453.5m22.4k
8980.8%--$0.0536.8m43.9k
9080.8%±1.4pp$0.0224.1m17.5k
9179.8%±4.3pp$0.0438.6m42.6k
9279.1%±3.4pp$0.1614.8m66.9k
9378.9%±2.3pp$0.0297.1m25.9k
9478.6%--$0.263.0m17.4k
9578.6%--$0.05810.6m23.1k
9677.7%±0.4pp$0.01364s10.3k
9777.4%±2.0pp$0.00611.8m37.6k
9877.2%±4.8pp$0.01414.9m40.6k
9977.2%±0.3pp$0.0187.5m17.5k
10077.1%±3.3pp$0.06317.0m30.9k
10176.7%±4.1pp$0.05314.9m23.3k
10275.8%--$0.0152.9m24k
10375.1%±1.1pp$0.0151.8m14.5k
10474.9%±1.9pp$0.0032.8m31k
10573.9%±2.3pp$0.0066.8m23.3k
10673.2%±2.4pp$0.01611.2m60.9k
10773.2%±0.8pp$0.194.0m37.9k
10872.8%±0.4pp$0.0612.0m24.2k
10972.7%±1.6pp$0.0065.4m8.11k
11072.1%±13.3pp$0.6210.7m41k
11171.8%±0.3pp$0.01185s10.5k
11270.6%±2.6pp$0.0096.2m45.1k
11370.5%±0.4pp$0.0133.9m33.3k
11469.5%±0.8pp$0.0074.9m5.94k
11569.3%±4.4pp$0.01515.5m50.7k
11666.8%--$0.0145.4m15.3k
11766.3%±0.5pp$0.00381s2.99k
11865.7%--$0.01528.6m64.4k
11965.2%±1.3pp$0.00427s2.41k
12065.2%±2.5pp$0.00610.7m41.8k
12164.9%±0.6pp$0.0032.8m10.3k
12264.2%±1.4pp$0.0073.9m11.5k
12363.7%±0.4pp$0.01615s1.75k
12463.7%±13.9pp$0.0146.9m12k
12563.2%±2.2pp$0.01811.2m89.4k
12662.1%±1.2pp$0.00265s2.17k
12760.9%±1.0pp$0.0085.6m17.3k
12860.9%--$0.0085.0m15.4k
12960.4%±0.5pp$0.00435s2.12k
13059.2%±0.3pp$0.0038.7m11.7k
13155.2%±0.5pp$0.0181.9m44.3k
13254.6%±8.7pp$0.0062.1m5.65k
13353.9%--$0.0052.0m11.8k
13452.0%±0.3pp$0.01816s1.56k
13551.7%±0.5pp$0.01610.6m40.5k
13651.1%±0.1pp$0.01313s1.12k
13750.5%--$0.01011.7m64.8k
13849.1%±0.9pp$0.0008423s1.9k
13947.5%±1.0pp$0.00186s2.36k
14046.0%±1.3pp$0.0011.6m1.85k
14143.6%±0.7pp$0.00122s1.48k
14242.9%--$0.00259s1.66k
14338.9%--$0.000239s711
14438.0%±1.2pp$0.0003852s2.26k
14528.6%--$0.0005915s1.64k
14627.7%±2.2pp$0.0012.5m15.5k
14727.7%±0.1pp$0.0000629s580
14827.1%--$0.0001111s1.8k
14921.4%--$0.1878s14.6k
15010.3%±0.0pp$0.01822s11.8k

Example problems

GPQA uses four-choice questions that require more than recalling a definition. These representative examples show the format and the range of scientific domains without reproducing items from the benchmark's protected question pool.

Biology

A researcher observes that a membrane protein is synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which destination is most consistent with this protein entering the secretory pathway?

  1. A.The cytosol, where it remains soluble
  2. B.The nucleus, after import through a nuclear pore
  3. C.A membrane of the endomembrane system or the cell surface
  4. D.The mitochondrial matrix through a TOM/TIM complex

Answer: C

Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins destined for secretion or insertion into the endomembrane system, including the plasma membrane.

Physics

A spacecraft is far from other bodies and fires its engine in the direction opposite to its velocity. Ignoring mass loss during the brief burn, what happens immediately to its speed?

  1. A.It increases because the exhaust carries away backward momentum
  2. B.It decreases because the thrust points opposite to its velocity
  3. C.It remains unchanged because thrust only changes direction
  4. D.It becomes zero because the spacecraft is in free space

Answer: B

An impulse opposite the velocity vector reduces the spacecraft’s momentum and therefore its speed during the burn.

Chemistry

Why does adding a small amount of a common ion generally reduce the solubility of a sparingly soluble ionic solid in water?

  1. A.The common ion increases the solid’s lattice energy
  2. B.The common ion shifts the dissolution equilibrium toward the solid
  3. C.The common ion converts every dissolved ion into a neutral molecule
  4. D.The common ion removes solvent molecules from the solution

Answer: B

The added ion raises the concentration of a dissolution product, so Le Chatelier’s principle shifts the equilibrium toward the undissolved solid.

Why we run this benchmark

GPQA is a broad graduate-level reasoning test across biology, physics, and chemistry, so it gives us a cheap, high-floor signal that a deployment is healthy. A model that normally clears these questions but suddenly drops usually points to something broken in the endpoint or routing rather than the questions themselves.

Because we run the same fixed question set across provider endpoints, a large accuracy gap between providers serving the same model is a quick way to catch a misconfigured or degraded endpoint. The cost and latency columns show what that reasoning quality costs to serve.

What the scores can and can't tell you

GPQA is a narrow, high-difficulty evaluation, not a complete measure of general intelligence or usefulness. A score reflects performance on expert-written multiple-choice science questions and should be considered alongside coding, instruction-following, factuality, and other evaluations.

Scores can be sensitive to sampling settings, answer-position handling, and the number of repeated runs. Small differences may not be meaningful when models have similar sample counts, so the leaderboard includes run variability and cost context rather than presenting accuracy alone.

The benchmark is publicly described, and some questions may eventually appear in training data. We avoid reproducing the private question pool here, but no public benchmark can guarantee that every future evaluation item is uncontaminated.

Methodology

Scores aggregate successful runs from the newest 90 days, weighted by question count, with a minimum sample threshold per model-provider pair. A model's headline score uses default routing when available; otherwise it falls back to the median provider. Cost, time, and output-token figures are per-question averages from the same runs. Best value is the cheapest Pareto-optimal model within five percentage points of the top score.

GPQA Diamond is described in the original paper. See the docs for routing details, or browse all models to try one.

API access

These scores are available through OpenRouter's public benchmarks API, so you can retrieve the same model-level results programmatically.

GET https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/benchmarks?source=openrouter
Authorization: Bearer <API key>

Use task_type=intelligence to filter to gpqa_diamond. Each item represents one model and includes accuracy, accuracy_stddev, avg_cost_per_task, total_tasks, and last_run_timestamp. See the benchmarks API docs.

Download and cite

A snapshot of this leaderboard is published in the benchmark-leaderboard open dataset (filter on the benchmark column), regenerated daily with no API key required. The current snapshot was generated on . It is licensed under CC BY 4.0, so you can reuse and republish it with attribution to OpenRouter.

Column definitions, methodology and redaction rules are in the dataset README.

Cite this leaderboard

OpenRouter (2026). GPQA Diamond results on OpenRouter, 2026-11-14 snapshot. https://openrouter.ai/benchmarks/gpqa-diamond. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Frequently asked questions